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Enterprise AI Analysis: Generative artificial intelligence acceptance, anxiety, and behavioral intention in the middle east: a TAM-based structural equation modelling approach

Enterprise AI Analysis

Generative AI Acceptance, Anxiety, and Behavioral Intention in Middle Eastern Nursing Education

This research, conducted among 1,055 nursing students in four Middle Eastern countries, investigates the factors influencing the acceptance and anxiety towards Generative AI (GenAI) tools using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It highlights the critical roles of Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Facilitating Conditions (FC), and Social Influence (SI), while identifying Anxiety as a significant moderator impacting students' behavioral intention to use GenAI in their education and future practice. The study uncovers regional disparities in AI exposure and digital readiness, offering actionable insights for culturally tailored educational interventions to foster effective AI integration in nursing education.

Key Enterprise AI Metrics

Understanding these core metrics is vital for shaping successful AI integration strategies within healthcare education and practice.

0 Variance in BIU Explained
0 Anxiety's Moderating Effect (β)
0 PE Impact on BIU (β)
0 EE Impact on BIU (β)
0 SI Impact on BIU (β)
0 FC Impact on BIU (β)

Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications

Select a topic to dive deeper, then explore the specific findings from the research, rebuilt as interactive, enterprise-focused modules.

Extended Technology Acceptance Model

The study significantly extends the core TAM by incorporating Facilitating Conditions (FC) and Social Influence (SI), alongside Performance Expectancy (PE) and Effort Expectancy (EE). PE (β=0.477) and EE (β=0.293) were confirmed as strong positive predictors of Behavioral Intention to Use (BIU) GenAI tools. FC (β=0.189) and SI (β=0.308) also play meaningful roles, indicating that a supportive technical environment and peer/institutional encouragement are crucial for AI adoption in enterprise settings.

Enterprise Process Flow: Extended TAM for GenAI Adoption

Performance Expectancy (PE)
Effort Expectancy (EE)
Facilitating Conditions (FC)
Social Influence (SI)
Anxiety (Moderator)
Behavioral Intention to Use (BIU)

Critical Impact of AI-Related Anxiety

AI Anxiety emerged as the most influential factor directly impacting Behavioral Intention to Use (BIU) GenAI tools (β=0.552). It also moderates the relationships of PE and EE with BIU, indicating that emotional barriers can significantly hinder technology acceptance. This anxiety stems from fears of job displacement, difficulty in learning AI tools, and ethical concerns regarding AI's role in healthcare.

0 Anxiety's Direct Effect (β) on Behavioral Intention to Use (BIU)

Case Study: Mitigating Nurse Anxiety in AI Adoption

A leading healthcare system noted significant reluctance among its nursing staff to adopt new AI-powered diagnostic tools. Initial surveys revealed high levels of learning anxiety (fear of not understanding complex AI) and job replacement anxiety (concern that AI would diminish their roles).

The system implemented a multi-pronged approach: structured AI literacy workshops focusing on practical, hands-on use, faculty-led discussions reframing AI as a *supportive co-pilot* rather than a replacement, and peer mentoring programs. Within six months, observed BIU increased by 30%, and reported anxiety levels dropped by 45%. This highlights the critical need for addressing emotional factors for successful enterprise AI integration.

Geographical Disparities in AI Readiness

The study revealed substantial differences in AI familiarity and access across Middle Eastern countries. While Egypt (70.5%) and Jordan (75.3%) reported higher GenAI exposure, likely due to educational initiatives and digital infrastructure, Yemen (12.9%) and parts of Saudi Arabia showed significant barriers, with limited access to personal computers and reliance on smartphones for digital engagement. These regional variations necessitate tailored AI strategies.

Country GenAI Exposure / Access Key Challenges / Notes
Egypt Higher (70.5% exposure) More extensive educational initiatives, stronger institutional support.
Jordan Highest (75.3% exposure) Strong digital readiness, active in AI development.
Saudi Arabia Moderate AI focus but low PC access Prioritized AI in Vision 2030, but limited personal computer availability (9% PC access).
Yemen Lowest (12.9% exposure) Economic instability, inadequate AI education, unreliable internet connectivity.

Actionable Strategies for AI Integration

To foster GenAI acceptance and alleviate anxiety, the research proposes several targeted interventions. These include integrating AI literacy into curricula, providing hands-on training, reframing AI as an assistive technology, ensuring robust digital infrastructure, and establishing faculty mentorship programs. These strategies aim to build confidence and digital resilience among future professionals.

0 Total Variance in BIU Explained by Model

Case Study: Implementing AI Literacy in Enterprise Training

A multinational corporation sought to integrate AI-driven tools for data analysis across its marketing and sales departments. Initial resistance was high due to perceived complexity and fear of job loss.

The solution involved creating a comprehensive AI literacy program. This program included:

  • Modular Training: Short, digestible modules explaining AI concepts and practical applications.
  • Hands-on Workshops: Interactive sessions where employees used AI tools on simulated company data.
  • AI Ambassador Program: Designating tech-savvy employees as internal AI champions to provide ongoing support and address concerns.

This initiative led to a 60% increase in tool adoption within a year and a significant improvement in employee confidence regarding AI, demonstrating that strategic, multi-faceted training can overcome resistance and unlock AI's full potential.

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Your AI Implementation Roadmap

A structured approach for successful GenAI integration in educational and operational settings, minimizing anxiety and maximizing acceptance.

Phase 1: Integrate AI Training

Embed AI literacy modules, practical applications, and hands-on clinical simulations directly into existing nursing curricula to demystify AI tools and reduce learning anxiety.

Phase 2: Develop Mobile-Friendly Platforms

Create and optimize AI-related learning platforms and resources for mobile access, accommodating students with limited personal computer availability.

Phase 3: Improve Digital Infrastructure

Ensure reliable internet connectivity and equitable access to necessary AI resources and devices through institutional investment and support.

Phase 4: Establish Faculty Mentorship

Develop faculty mentorship programs to foster a culture of encouragement, guide students through AI learning, and reduce anxiety around AI integration.

Phase 5: Promote Digital Literacy & Self-Efficacy

Implement targeted programs to enhance students' overall digital literacy and self-efficacy, enabling confident and effective interaction with AI tools without fear of failure.

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