Enterprise AI Analysis
Approximating Human Preferences Using a Multi-Judge Learned System
This paper proposes a framework for modeling diverse, persona-based preferences by learning to aggregate outputs from multiple rubric-conditioned judges. It investigates performance against baselines and assesses robustness. Key contributions include a persona-based method for synthesizing preference labels at scale and two distinct aggregator implementations: GAM and MLP.
Executive Impact
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Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications
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Persona-Based Preference Simulation
We simulate human preference judgments by prompting diverse personas to rate model answers. Each persona reflects a distinct perspective (e.g., technical rigor, safety concerns, creativity). These scores are aggregated to produce an overall synthetic preference label for training our system.
Multi-Judge Aggregation
The system learns to aggregate scores from multiple rubric-conditioned LLM judges. Instead of fixed heuristics (like mean score), a learned aggregator maps judge score vectors to a final evaluation, approximating true preference with models like GAM or MLP.
Robustness to Bias
The framework is tested against human and LLM-judge biases. Learned aggregators show resilience to judge-level perturbations, maintaining stable performance, but are vulnerable to systematic training data contamination like scale compression.
Enterprise Process Flow
| Feature | Our Approach | Traditional Methods |
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| Preference Synthesis |
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| Aggregation Method |
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Optimizing RLHF Reward Models
Scenario: An AI development team needs to build a highly reliable reward model for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to ensure their LLM aligns perfectly with diverse user preferences.
Challenge: Traditional LLM judges suffer from rubric sensitivity, bias, and instability, making it hard to create a robust and representative reward signal from a single judge or simple averaging.
Solution: The team deploys a multi-judge learned system, using persona-based evaluators to generate diverse synthetic preference data and training a GAM aggregator. This allows for a robust, interpretable aggregation of multiple specialized LLM judges (e.g., 'truthfulness-judge', 'harmlessness-judge').
Outcome: The learned system achieves a 15% R² improvement over naive baselines, consistently aligning with diverse preferences. GAM's interpretability reveals that 'harmlessness' is a minimal contributor, prompting fine-tuning of the judge panel to enhance safety-critical evaluations, leading to more aligned and safer AI.
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Your Implementation Roadmap
A phased approach to integrate multi-judge learned systems into your enterprise AI strategy.
Phase 1: Persona & Judge Setup
Define diverse personas and rubric-conditioned LLM judges. Generate synthetic preference labels at scale for training.
Phase 2: Aggregator Training & Benchmarking
Train GAM and MLP aggregators on synthetic data. Benchmark performance against heuristic baselines (e.g., mean score).
Phase 3: Robustness & Bias Audits
Assess system robustness to human preference contamination and judge scoring variations. Analyze judge importance for actionable insights.
Phase 4: Integration & Optimization
Integrate learned aggregators into RLHF pipelines or model routing systems. Continuously optimize judge panel and persona diversity.
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