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Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging
This research introduces novel Sb³⁺-based organic-inorganic hybrid halide (OIHH) scintillators, CP1 and CP2, addressing the toxicity and instability issues of lead-based alternatives. CP2, incorporating water molecules, demonstrates superior photoluminescence quantum yield (97.25%) and light yield (32332 photons MeV⁻¹) due to enhanced lattice distortion and reduced non-radiative decay, promoting self-trapped exciton emissions. A flexible scintillator screen made from CP2 crystals achieves high spatial resolution (14 lp mm⁻¹) and excellent environmental stability. The work successfully pioneers the application of Sb³⁺-based OIHHs for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging, marking a significant advancement in non-toxic, high-performance X-ray detection.
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Details the design, synthesis, and structural analysis of CP1 and CP2 crystals, highlighting the role of water molecules in CP2's enhanced properties.
Enterprise Process Flow
Explores the optical properties, light yield, detection limits, and X-ray resistance, demonstrating CP2's superior performance compared to CP1 and BGO.
CP2 vs. CP1 and Commercial BGO Scintillators
| Feature | CP1 | CP2 | BGO (Reference) |
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| Light Yield (photons MeV⁻¹) |
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| PLQY |
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| Lattice Distortion (σ²) |
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| X-ray Detection Limit |
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Covers the fabrication of flexible scintillator screens and their successful application in real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging.
Real-time Dynamic X-ray Imaging of Intricate Objects
The flexible CP2 scintillator film was successfully applied to real-time dynamic X-ray imaging of a curved copper ornament and a flexible circuit. The flexible nature allowed seamless adherence, reducing image distortion from uneven X-ray dose distribution. Resulting in clear, high-resolution internal structures visible at 60 frames per second with no ghosting, demonstrating superior adaptability for non-planar objects.
3D X-ray Reconstruction of Complex Structures
Utilizing a self-built 360° rotatable platform, the CP2 flexible scintillator film facilitated the collection of X-ray projection photos of a nail at various angles. The subsequent application of the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm enabled a detailed 3D reconstruction of the nail. This pioneering application of Sb³⁺-OIHHs in 3D imaging significantly broadens their potential for advanced material inspection and medical diagnostics.
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