Energy Management

The deep integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and deregulated power market operations has significantly increased frequency instability and tie-line power oscillations in multi-area interconnected power systems. The fundamental AGC controllers (PID, TIDN, and FOTID) exhibit limited adaptability, slower settling response, and higher overshoot under stochastic RESs fluctuations. To address these challenges, a novel kind of two-degree of freedom tilt controller, fractional integral derivative with a fractional order proportional derivative (2DOF-TFID-FOPD) controller, has been created to enhance settling time, undershoot, and overshoot in the instance of high penetration of RESs. 2DOF-TFID-FOPD achieves superior results compared to a basic controller when compared to several contemporary controllers. A novel Chaotic Quasi-Opposition-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (CQOAOA) technique has been introduced to optimize the diverse gain parameters of a novel controller. We exhibit the advantages of CQOAOA by comparing it with certain popular meta-heuristic techniques. The proposed controller enhances transient shaping flexibility by integrating tilt and fractional dynamics within a 2DOF framework, while CQOAOA improves global search capability and convergence speed during parameter tuning. Comparative simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces settling time by 67.81%, overshoot by 64.98%, and ITSE value by 79.82% compared to optimized 2DOF-TFIDN control. This proposed system has been further analysed by considering the different scenario structures with renewable sources like solar and wind. The research has been escorted undergoing a variety of operating situations, including step, multi, and random disturbances. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed control strategy are further tested and implemented on a large power system, i.e., the IEEE-118 test system, successfully. The comprehensive result analysis of this work delivers convincing verification of the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed control domain in real power systems scenarios, ultimately improving the performance as anticipated. Additionally, the whole setup has been verified using OPAL-RT 4510 experimentally, followed by real-time analysis, making the proposed restructured model of enhanced frequency regulation strategy and its validation attainable.