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Enterprise AI Analysis: Generative AI Helps Radiotherapy Planning with User Preference

Enterprise AI Analysis

Generative AI Helps Radiotherapy Planning with User Preference

Explore how our novel Generative AI model revolutionizes radiotherapy planning by enabling real-time, user-defined customization of 3D dose distributions, enhancing both adaptability and plan quality over traditional methods.

Executive Impact

Radiotherapy planning, a historically complex and variable process, is being transformed by our Generative AI. This innovation offers unprecedented flexibility and personalization, enabling clinicians to craft more efficient and patient-centric treatment plans with superior outcomes.

50% Reduction in DVH Variability
14/15 OARs with Improved Sparing
Real-time Customization Speed

Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications

Select a topic to dive deeper, then explore the specific findings from the research, rebuilt as interactive, enterprise-focused modules.

Model Architecture: Two-Stage Generative Framework

The Flexible Dose Proposer (FDP) utilizes a robust two-stage training framework. Stage I involves pre-training a foundational dose decoder using a VQ-VAE architecture to ensure realistic and consistent dose predictions. Stage II then trains the flexible dose prediction model with multi-conditional inputs, including user preferences and beam/angle plates, leveraging a GAN-based approach for efficient, one-step generation. The image encoder for processing CT scans and delineated structures is designed following a MedNext-style structure, optimizing for 3D medical image tasks.

User Interaction: Real-Time Preference Customization

A key innovation of our system is its interactive user interface, which features dynamic sliders. These sliders allow clinicians to define and customize their 'preference flavors' in real-time. Planners can adjust these preferences to prioritize specific trade-offs, such as enhancing PTV homogeneity or improving OAR sparing, directly influencing the predicted 3D dose distributions. This interactive capability offers significant personalization and adaptability, enabling the generation of plans that precisely align with individual patient needs and clinical strategies.

Clinical Integration: Seamless TPS Workflow

Designed for seamless integration into existing clinical workflows, our AI model works with widely used treatment planning systems (TPS) like Varian's Eclipse. The system translates its predicted 3D dose distributions into a set of actionable dose-volume and mean dose objectives. For organs-at-risk (OARs), DVH point-objectives and scorecard objectives are generated based on AI predictions with added margins. For planning target volumes (PTVs) and PTV rings, the system adopts original objectives from RapidPlan™ settings. This conversion allows for efficient optimization within the TPS, leading to high-quality, deliverable radiotherapy plans.

Evaluation & Performance: Superior Outcomes

The performance of our model is rigorously evaluated using standard radiotherapy metrics, including Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) for Planning Target Volumes (PTVs), and mean doses for Organs-at-Risk (OARs). Comparative evaluations against the Varian RapidPlan™ model demonstrate superior results for our FDP. Specifically, our model consistently shows lower intra-patient and inter-patient differences in Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs), indicating more accurate and reliable predictions. Table 4 highlights FDP's enhanced OAR sparing, with 14 out of 15 OARs showing 'better' quality compared to RapidPlan, underscoring its potential to improve treatment outcomes.

Flexible Dose Proposer: A Two-Stage Generative AI Pipeline

Our innovative Flexible Dose Proposer (FDP) leverages a two-stage training framework to ensure stable and high-quality 3D dose predictions for radiotherapy.

Stage 1: Foundational Dose Decoder Pretraining (VQ-VAE)
Stage 2: Flexible Dose Prediction (Multi-conditional GAN)

Generative AI vs. Conventional: Elevating Radiotherapy Plan Quality

Our Flexible Dose Proposer (FDP) demonstrates superior generalization and plan quality compared to the knowledge-based Varian RapidPlan™.

Our Flexible Dose Proposer (FDP) Varian RapidPlan™
  • Lower intra-patient DVH variability (approx. 56% better)
  • Lower inter-patient DVH variability (approx. 43% better)
  • Superior OAR sparing (14 out of 15 OARs better)
  • User-defined preference 'flavors' for personalization
  • Direct 3D dose prediction with voxel-level accuracy
  • Better generalizability across institutions and patient populations
  • Relies on DVH predictions, potentially missing spatial dose details
  • PCA-based regression pipeline limits generalizability
  • Requires training on dozens of plans, often institution-specific
  • Less robust in handling diverse or unseen patient scenarios

Real-Time Customization: User Preferences Drive Adaptive Planning

Our Generative AI model incorporates interactive sliders, enabling clinicians to dynamically adjust trade-offs between PTV homogeneity and OAR sparing. This demonstration highlights how user preferences (e.g., prioritizing OAR sparing or PTV homogeneity) are directly captured in the predicted dose distributions, leading to tailored and optimized plans. For example, clinical evaluations show how mean doses for various OARs and PTVs significantly shift according to the selected preference 'flavor', resulting in clinically relevant outcomes in Eclipse-generated plans.

Screenshot of interactive sliders in radiotherapy planning software
14/15 OARs with Better Sparing (FDP vs. RapidPlan)

Our model achieved better OAR sparing for 14 out of 15 Organ-at-Risk structures compared to RapidPlan, showcasing significant patient protection benefits.

From AI 3D Dose Prediction to Deliverable Clinical Plans

Our system ensures that AI-generated 3D dose predictions are seamlessly integrated into clinical workflows by translating them into actionable optimization objectives for treatment planning systems.

AI 3D Dose Prediction
OAR Objectives: DVH points & scorecard objectives + margin
PTV & PTV Ring Objectives: Keep original RapidPlan objectives
Optimized Deliverable Plan

Calculate Your Potential ROI

Estimate the efficiency gains and cost savings your enterprise could achieve by integrating our Generative AI solutions.

Annual Cost Savings $0
Annual Hours Reclaimed 0

Your AI Implementation Roadmap

A typical enterprise AI adoption journey, tailored to ensure seamless integration and maximum impact within your organization.

Phase 1: Discovery & Strategy

Comprehensive assessment of current workflows, identification of key pain points, and strategic planning for AI integration. Define clear objectives and success metrics.

Phase 2: Pilot & Proof-of-Concept

Implement AI solutions in a controlled environment. Validate effectiveness, gather feedback, and demonstrate tangible ROI on a smaller scale.

Phase 3: Scaled Rollout & Integration

Full-scale deployment across relevant departments, deep integration with existing enterprise systems, and extensive user training.

Phase 4: Optimization & Expansion

Continuous monitoring, performance optimization, and exploration of new AI applications. Expand capabilities and refine models for ongoing improvement.

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