Enterprise AI Analysis
Design of a wideband RF rectifier for enhanced wireless power transfer in biomedical implants supporting white space WiFi and LTE bands
This paper introduces a high-efficiency, wideband RF-rectifier utilizing a two-branch cell configuration, L-shunt matching network, radial stub, and series inductor. Optimized for 2.37–2.70 GHz (white space Wi-Fi and LTE bands), it achieves a peak Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 66.25% at 5 dBm input power. It maintains 11.50–13.5% PCE at -20 dBm, ensuring reliable operation over a wide input power spectrum. Fabricated on RT/Duroid, its compact 19.75 mm × 15.20 mm footprint and single series diode configuration, coupled with a sequential matching technique, make it highly suitable for wireless power transfer in biomedical implants requiring strict ambient power control.
Executive Impact Summary
This novel wideband RF-rectifier delivers critical advancements for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, particularly for biomedical implants, by optimizing efficiency and bandwidth across key communication spectra.
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Rectifier Design Methodology
Enterprise Process Flow
Rectifier Architecture Overview
The proposed RF-rectifier comprises two primary sections: an L-section Matching Network (MN) and a Meandered Line Network (MLN). The core function relies on HSMS-2850 Schottky diodes (D1, D2) configured in a single series diode (SSrd) arrangement, known for its high efficiency at low input power. The MN is critical for achieving optimal impedance matching (IM) by aligning the rectifier's input impedance with the antenna's impedance, ensuring a 50 Ω interface. Components like impedance transformers (Tp, Tq), radial stubs (Rs1, Rs2), and series inductors (Lp, Lq) are strategically integrated to convert complex input impedance and facilitate optimal power transfer. A sequential matching technique ensures wide impedance bandwidth, crucial for operating across diverse frequency bands.
Key Performance Indicators
Comprehensive Performance Summary
Both simulation and measured results confirm the rectifier's robust performance. The return loss (S11) consistently remains below -10 dB across the entire 2.37-2.70 GHz range, demonstrating excellent impedance matching. The Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) peaks at 66.25% at 5 dBm, and critically, maintains 11.50% to 13.5% PCE even at -20 dBm, highlighting its effectiveness for ambient RF energy harvesting. Operation in a minced meat phantom validated its performance under tissue loading, showing consistent results with minor shifts. The rectifier also exhibits optimal performance across a wide range of load resistances, with a peak PCE of 70% at 3.5 kΩ.
Innovation & Benchmarking
| Feature | Proposed Design | Reference [20] | Reference [21] | Reference [26] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCE (Peak) | 66.25% at 5 dBm | 63.00% at 12 dBm | 81.7% at 12 dBm | 60% at 20 dBm |
| Frequency (GHz) | 2.37-2.70 | 2.4/5.8 | 0.915, 2.45 | 2.45 |
| Bandwidth (MHz) | 330 | Narrowband | Narrowband | 200 |
| Normalized Size (λg × λg) | 0.27 × 0.21 | 1.37 × 0.83 | 0.36 × 0.20 | 0.47 × 0.25 |
| Pin Range (dBm) | -15 to 5 | 5-25 | -10 to 10 | -10 to 30 |
Strategic Advantages for Biomedical Implants
This rectifier stands out by overcoming limitations in existing designs. Its novel dual-branch configuration and sequential matching technique lead to superior efficiency at lower input powers compared to many counterparts, which is critical for ambient RF energy harvesting. The ultra-compact footprint (0.27λg × 0.21λg) makes it ideal for size-constrained biomedical implants without compromising performance. Crucially, it offers a wide operational bandwidth of 330 MHz, covering the 2.37-2.70 GHz range relevant to white space Wi-Fi and LTE, ensuring robust operation against frequency shifts and compatibility with multiple communication standards. This combination of miniaturization, high efficiency, and wideband functionality provides a highly practical and effective solution for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in demanding biomedical applications.
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