Category Highlight
Early science acceleration experiments with GPT-5
AI models like GPT-5 are an increasingly valuable tool for scientists, but many remain unaware of the capabilities of frontier AI. We present a collection of short case studies in which GPT-5 produced new, concrete steps in ongoing research across mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, biology, and materials science. In these examples, the authors highlight how AI accelerated their work, and where it fell short; where expert time was saved, and where human input was still key. We document the interactions of the human authors with GPT-5, as guiding examples of fruitful collaboration with AI. Of note, this paper includes four new results in mathematics (carefully verified by the human authors), underscoring how GPT-5 can help human mathematicians settle previously unsolved problems. These contributions are modest in scope but profound in implication, given the rate at which frontier AI is progressing.
Executive Impact: Accelerating Scientific Discovery
This report details GPT-5's significant impact on scientific research velocity, enabling breakthroughs across diverse fields. Key findings include accelerated literature review, novel problem-solving in mathematics, and sophisticated experimental design in biology and physics. The AI's ability to integrate complex information, propose non-obvious hypotheses, and generate validated proofs demonstrates its potential to compress research timelines from months to days, transforming the scientific discovery process.
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Research Time Compression
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Novel Mathematical Results
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Deep Literature Search Efficacy
Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications
Select a topic to dive deeper, then explore the specific findings from the research, rebuilt as interactive, enterprise-focused modules.
GPT-5 showcased its ability to independently rediscover known results in convex optimization and combinatorics, and achieve novel mathematical proofs. It demonstrated advanced literature search capabilities by connecting abstract mathematical statements to distant fields like multi-objective optimization, and by resolving ambiguities in decades-old mathematical problems, even translating German proofs.
In physics, GPT-5 successfully rediscovers black hole symmetries, including an SL(2,R) algebra, after initial scaffolding. It also performed complex analytic integrations for gravitational radiation power spectra, matching and extending human-derived results, suggesting its capability extends beyond traditional symbolic manipulation tools.
GPT-5 demonstrated a remarkable ability to analyze complex biological data, providing mechanistic insights and predicting experimental outcomes in immunology. For materials science (thermonuclear burn propagation), it assisted in formulating and simulating reduced-physics models, significantly accelerating the design and theoretical explanation phases of research.
Enterprise Process Flow
Ideation & Problem Framing
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Deep Literature Search
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Hypothesis Generation
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Proof/Model Prototyping
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Experimental Design & Prediction
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Result Analysis & Interpretation
1.5/L
Improved Step-Size Condition in Convex Optimization
| Discipline | GPT-5 Role | Impact |
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Case Study: Erdős Problem #848 Solved with AI
GPT-5 played a crucial role in solving a previously open Erdős problem in combinatorial number theory. It contributed a key solution step, sandwiched between human insights, by suggesting a novel method to constrain the set of numbers for the 'not squarefree' condition. This highlights how AI can act as a co-investigator, providing non-obvious ideas that accelerate progress on challenging, long-standing mathematical problems. The collaboration significantly reduced the time and effort required for the proof.
π/2
Improved Lower Bound for Online Algorithms
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