Enterprise AI Analysis
Lightweight Cryptography and Physically Unclonable Functions for Secure In-Vehicle Communications
This paper proposes a novel security protocol for in-vehicle networks, specifically targeting Controller Area Network (CAN) systems. It integrates Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for efficient ECU authentication with Lightweight Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) for communication confidentiality. The protocol is designed to be computationally efficient, requiring only 2n messages for authentication of all n nodes, and compatible with the standard 8-byte CAN frame. This makes it a robust, high-performance, and scalable solution suitable for safety-critical automotive contexts, addressing both current and future quantum threats.
Executive Impact
Key performance indicators and strategic advantages derived from this research.
2n
Authentication Complexity
2
CAN Frame Efficiency (AES-GCM)
Yes
Post-Quantum Resistance
Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications
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Protocol Workflow
Enterprise Process Flow
FOB Initiates Challenge to ECUs via Gateway
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ECU Generates PUF Response & Derives Hash/Key
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FOB Stores ECU Response Hash & Response Key
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Gateway Initiates Mutual Authentication with FOB
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FOB & Gateway Authenticate Each Other (PQC Secured)
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Gateway Broadcasts Challenge to ECUs
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ECUs Respond with PUF-Derived Hashes
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FOB Authenticates ECUs by Matching Hashes
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FOB Generates Unique Symmetric Session Key
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FOB Encrypts & Distributes Session Key to Each ECU
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Authenticated ECUs Decrypt Session Key
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Secure Message Transmission via Symmetric Key
Computational Efficiency Gains
2n
messages for full network authentication
The proposed protocol achieves significantly lower computational complexity, requiring only '2n' messages to authenticate all 'n' nodes in the network. This is a substantial improvement over existing solutions which often require higher complexities (e.g., 3n, 6n, or 3n² + 2n).
Security Feature Comparison
| Feature | Proposed ASCON | Proposed AES-GCM | Siddiqui et al. [39-41] | Cultice et al. [16] | Labrado et al. [15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complexity | 2n | 2n | 3n² + 2n | 3n | 6n |
| Mutual Authentication | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Post-Quantum Resistance | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Number of Frames | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Addressing Quantum Threats
Addressing Quantum Threats
Scenario: Current CAN protocols are vulnerable to emerging quantum-enabled attacks due to reliance on classical cryptographic primitives.
Solution: The protocol integrates Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) with Lightweight Cryptography (ASCON/AES-GCM). PQC primitives like CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, selected by NIST, ensure long-term security against quantum computers.
Outcome: Vehicles equipped with this protocol gain future-proof security, mitigating the risk of cryptographic compromise from advanced attackers using quantum computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity for decades to come.
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Estimated Annual Savings
$0
Employee Hours Reclaimed Annually
0
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